Communities & Sociology | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    CANO

    CANO. Franco-Ontarian folk-pop collective, active 1975-85. The founding musicians were members of the Coopérative des artistes du Nouvel Ontario (CANO), an agricultural and artistic commune established in Sudbury in 1970.

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 CANO

  • Article

    Cara Gee

    Cara Gee, actor (born 18 July 1983 in Calgary, AB). Ojibwe actor Cara Gee started out in notable Toronto theatre productions before receiving an American Indian Movie Award and a Canadian Screen Award nomination for her lead role in the First Nations drama Empire of Dirt (2013). She then starred in CBC’s Strange Empire (2014–15) and Disney’s The Call of The Wild (2020). She is perhaps best known for her role as Camina Drummer on the popular science fiction series The Expanse (2015–22).

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/Cara_Gee_-13-_38017549002_1.jpg Cara Gee

  • Article

    Caribbean Canadians

    People from the Caribbean region began to settle in Canada in the late 18th century (see Jamaican Maroons in Nova Scotia and Black Canadians). In the 2016 census, 749,155 Canadians reported that they originated from the Caribbean, and most have immigrated to Canada since the 1970s.  

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/75602bde-4a29-4c06-b05c-bda4187ceb0b.jpg Caribbean Canadians

  • Article

    Caribbean Music in Canada

    Caribbean music is an important component of musical life in Canada on two grounds: firstly, significant numbers of Caribbean peoples have immigrated to Canada, particularly beginning in the 1960s, and have continued the musical traditions of their homelands in the new environment; and secondly as early as the 1920s successive styles of Caribbean-derived music began to form part of the fabric of Euro-American pop music and thus part of the musical experience of many Canadians over the years.

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Caribbean Music in Canada

  • Article

    Kivallirmiut (Caribou Inuit)

    The name “Caribou Inuit” stemmed from Europeans who took part in the Fifth Danish Thule Expedition (1921–24) and observed that the Kivallirmiut relied on caribou for food, clothing and shelter. Based on recent estimates, the Kivallirmiut today number about 3,000.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/d8c8c01c-6b29-4d24-bc35-05645ca9a904.jpg Kivallirmiut (Caribou Inuit)

  • Article

    Carl Ray

    Carl Ray, Cree artist, illustrator, editor and art teacher (born January 1943 in Sandy Lake, ON; died 26 September 1978 in Sioux Lookout, ON). Ray was known for his innovative paintings in the Woodlands style and was a founding member of the Indian Group of Seven. Ray’s work has influenced Indigenous art in Canada and can be found in the collections of various galleries and museums across the country.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/0c7246ce-04d4-4027-9907-07156a5ba0d6.jpg Carl Ray

  • Article

    Dakelh (Carrier)

    Dakelh, also known as Carrier, are Dene people traditionally occupying areas in north-central British Columbia. The Carrier name derives from the former custom of a widow carrying the ashes of her deceased husband in a bag during a period of mourning, at which time a ceremonial distribution of goods released her of the obligation. The name is also an English translation of Aghele, the Sekani name for Dakelh people. They call themselves Dakelh (people who “travel upon water”), and add the suffixes -xwoten, “people of” or -t’en, “people” to village names or locations to refer to specific groups (e.g., Tl’azt’en, Wet’suwet’en). In the 2016 census, 7,810 people claimed to have Dakelh ancestry.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/46e0fc31-7bbd-464d-a310-7783799def57.jpg Dakelh (Carrier)

  • Article

    Catherine Sutton (Nahneebahwequa)

    Catherine Sutton (née Sonego or Sunegoo) (sometimes spelled Catharine, also known as Nahnee, Nahneebahwequa and Upright Woman), Anishinaabe (Mississauga) writer, Methodist missionary and political advocate (born 1824 in the Credit River flats, Upper Canada; died 26 September 1865 in Sarawak Township, Grey County, Canada West). Catherine Sutton was as an advocate for her people during a time when the cultural, political and economic rights of Indigenous peoples in Canada were formally eroded by assimilationist policies.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/Sutton_crop.jpg Catherine Sutton (Nahneebahwequa)

  • Article

    Catholicism in Canada

    The Greek word katholikos means "general" or "universal." It refers most commonly to the Christianity that is in communion with the pope and the Church of Rome, that is, the beliefs and practices of a Catholic Church. The modern ecumenical movement often refers to all Christians as sharing in the church's Catholicism, which is derived from the universal headship and reign of Christ. According to the 2021 census, 10.9 million Canadians (29.9 per cent) identified as Catholic.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/34236b4e-1829-4ee7-9927-c93f6fa7947f.jpg Catholicism in Canada

  • Article

    Cayuga

    The Cayuga (also known as Guyohkohnyo and Gayogohó:no', meaning “People of the Pipe” or “People of the Great Swamp”) are Indigenous peoples who have traditionally occupied territories along the northern shore of the St. Lawrence River and south into the Finger Lakes district of New York State. The Cayuga are one of six First Nations that make up the Haudenosaunee Confederacy.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/ac17518a-1788-42ab-9c72-0e9a64497c68.jpg Cayuga

  • Article

    Cecelia Jane Reynolds

    Cecelia Jane Reynolds, freedom seeker (born c. May 1831 in Virginia; died 4 June 1909 in Louisville, Kentucky). In May 1846, Cecelia fled her Kentucky enslavers by way of Niagara Falls and the Underground Railroad. Letters between Cecelia and Fanny Thruston, the Louisville belle to whom she had been a personal servant, have become unique primary sources for historians studying enslavement and relations between the formerly enslaved and American slaveholders.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/TCE_placeholder.png Cecelia Jane Reynolds

  • Article

    Cecilia Krieger

    Cypra Cecilia Krieger, mathematician, professor (born 9 April 1894 in Jasło, Galicia [Poland]; died 17 August 1974 in Toronto, ON). Krieger was the first woman to receive a doctorate in mathematics from a Canadian university (the University of Toronto) and only the third person to be awarded a mathematics doctorate in Canada. She taught mathematics and physics at the University of Toronto for over 30 years. Krieger is best known for her English translation of noted mathematical texts Introduction to General Typology and General Typology.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/Twitter_Cards/Cecilia Krieger.jpg Cecilia Krieger

  • Article

    Celebrating Asian Heritage in Canada

    Many Canadians today see our diverse population as a source of pride and strength — for good reason. More than one in five Canadians were born elsewhere. That is the highest percentage of immigrants in the G7 group of large industrialized nations. Asia (including people born in the Middle East) has provided the greatest number of newcomers in recent years. Since the 1990s, Canadians — who once thought primarily of Europe when they considered events abroad — now define themselves, and the world, differently. As former prime minister Jean Chrétien said: “The Pacific is getting smaller and the Atlantic is becoming wider.”

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/adef87b1-6957-4124-95cc-3d0682f22ba6.jpg Celebrating Asian Heritage in Canada

  • Editorial

    Celebrating Black History Month in Canada

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated. As we mark Black History Month in Canada in February, it’s worth reflecting on the legacy of Canada’s Black communities and the prejudice Black people have faced.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/dd01025c-fc65-449e-9f14-b7ad5a585d3b.jpg Celebrating Black History Month in Canada

  • Article

    Celebrating National Indigenous History Month in Canada

    The history of Indigenous peoples in Canada begins much earlier than any other group living here — and is far more complex.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/c8645ca0-1fb2-4b94-8eaf-44c8d250e845.jpg Celebrating National Indigenous History Month in Canada