Indigenous Reserves & Settlements | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    Old Crow

    Muskrat trapping provided a major source of income for the Vuntut Gwitchin from the early 1900s. They were a nomadic people, living seasonally, strictly off the land and animals.

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  • Article

    Pelly Crossing

    Pelly Crossing, Yukon, settlement, population 353 (2016 census), 336 (2011 census). Pelly Crossing is located 254 km southeast of Dawson City and 273 km north of Whitehorse, on the Pelly River.

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Pelly Crossing
  • Article

    Qalipu Mi’kmaq First Nation

    Qalipu (pronounced: ha-lee-boo) is a Mi’kmaq First Nation based in Newfoundland and Labrador. The nation was established in 2011 under the Indian Act. According to the federal government, Qalipu has 24,464 registered members in 2021, making it the second-largest First Nation by population in Canada. The nation’s members hail from 67 different communities across Newfoundland. As of 2020, roughly 95 per cent of Qalipu members live in Newfoundland and Labrador; the other 5 per cent live throughout Canada. The Qalipu Mi’kmaq First Nation currently controls no reserve land. (See also Reserves in Newfoundland and Labrador.)

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/Marc Humber article pic.jpg Qalipu Mi’kmaq First Nation
  • Article

    Reserves in British Columbia

    As of 2019, there were 1,583 reserves in British Columbia associated with 203 Indigenous Nations (see also First Nations in British Columbia). Unlike many other parts the country, where reserves resulted from treaties made between the federal government and Indigenous Nations, most reserves in BC were created without such negotiations. Only two general locations in BC are covered by historic treaties: parts of Vancouver Island are covered by the Douglas Treaties, and the northeast corner of the province by Treaty 8. In BC as with other parts of the country, reserves are bound by the terms of the Indian Act. However, given the number of Indigenous Nations without a treaty in BC, the province has implemented a modern treaty negotiation process. Several BC Indigenous communities have used this process or other means to negotiate self-governing agreements. These agreements place decision-making authority over land management in the hands of Indigenous governments.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/ReservesInBC/TribalCanoeJourney.jpg Reserves in British Columbia
  • Article

    Reserves in Canada (Plain-Language Summary)

    A reserve is land set aside by the Canadian government for use by First Nations. Reserves are managed under the Indian Act. Reserves are places where First Nations often live. However, some reserves are only for practices like hunting. Not all First Nations have reserve lands. There are reserves in every province in Canada, but most are in rural or remote areas. Few reserves have been established in the territories. (This is a plain-language summary of Reserves in Canada. If you are interested in reading about this topic in more depth, please see our full-length entry, Reserves in Canada.)

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  • Article

    Reserves in New Brunswick

    There are 31 reserves in New Brunswick held by 15 First Nations (see alsoFirst Nations in New Brunswick). These First Nations belong to one of two larger cultural groups, namely the Mi’kmaq or Wolastoqiyik (Maliseet), who are, in turn, part of the Wabanaki Confederacy. Reserve names and boundaries have changed through time and some reserves either no longer exist or are not recognized by the provincial government. As of 2021, there were 16,985 Registered Indians in New Brunswick, about 59 per cent of whom lived on reserves.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/ReservesinNB/PotatoPickers.jpg Reserves in New Brunswick
  • Article

    Reserves in Nova Scotia

    There are 42 reserves in Nova Scotia, held by 13 First Nations (see First Nations in Nova Scotia). Nova Scotia is one of just two provinces, the other being Prince Edward Island, that is part of the traditional territory of only one Indigenous people. In both cases, it is the Mi'kmaq. In 2020, there were 17,895 registered Mi’kmaq in Nova Scotia, about 63 per cent of whom (11,202 people) lived on reserve. Reserves in Nova Scotia vary in size from over 3,500 hectares to less than one, though almost every First Nation has more than one land tract.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/c46f71fe-d1d5-47bd-9ee6-bfeaa4810e03.jpg Reserves in Nova Scotia
  • Article

    Reserves in Saskatchewan

    Saskatchewan is home to at least 70 First Nations and various Métis communities. It contains 782 reserves, settlements and villages, many of which are located in the southern half of the province. Reserves in Saskatchewan were created between 1874 and 1906 by Treaties 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 10. As of 2016, 47.5 per cent of the province’s 114,570 self-identified First Nations peoples live on reserves, a percentage comparable to the province of Manitoba. Most of the remaining 47 per cent who reside off-reserve in Saskatchewan live in the cities of Saskatoon, Regina and Prince Albert.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/ReservesSK/Flag of Thunderchild First Nation.jpg Reserves in Saskatchewan
  • Article

    Ross River

    Ross River, Yukon, settlement, population 293 (2016 census), 352 (2011 census). Ross River is located at the confluence of the Ross and Pelly rivers. It is on the Canol Road (seeCanol Pipeline) at the halfway point on the Campbell Highway. Ross River is 360 km by road northeast of Whitehorse.

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Ross River
  • Article

    Sillery

    Sillery was the first reserve created by Europeans for Aboriginal peoples in what is now Canada. It was established in 1637 near Québec City. It was funded by a French nobleman, Noël Brûlart de Sillery, in response to an advertisement placed by Father Paul Le Jeune in the Jesuit Relations.

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    Sillery (Qué)

    Sillery has a grand history dating back to the 17th century. It was the site of Canada's first Indian reserve and Jesuit mission, Sillery, on the edge of the St Lawrence. The reserve was funded by Noël Brulart de Sillery (1577-1640), for whom the town was named.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/91a88fee-54b1-44f5-86a7-a19175816c6e.jpg Sillery (Qué)
  • Article

    Uummannarjuaq (Blacklead Island)

     Uummannarjuaq, which means "like a big sea mammal's heart," had long been an Inuit seasonal campsite. The island attracted whalers because of its strategic location close to the floe edge--the boundary between shore ice and open water where the spring whale hunt took place.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/a5369db6-95c2-4ab9-8742-29a706a34177.jpg Uummannarjuaq (Blacklead Island)
  • Article

    Whatì

    Whatì, NWT, established as community government in 2005, population 492 (2011c), 460 (2006c). The community of Whatì (earlier spelling Wha Ti) is located on Lac La Martre, 164 km northwest of Yellowknife.

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