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The musician who directs a group of singers or instrumentalists without participating in the actual singing or playing is essentially the creation of the early 19th century; the one who makes a full-time career of such leadership is the product of the final decades of that century.

In Canada, 408,197 tonnes of cheese were produced in 2012; per capita consumption was 12.18 kg, consisting of 3.9 kg of cheddar, 7.54 kg of mozzarella and other specialty cheeses, and 0.74 kg of cottage cheese.

Chatelaine Magazine, a Canadian women's magazine, was started by MACLEAN HUNTER LTD in 1928 with a circulation of 57 053. The first editor was Anne Elizabeth Wilson, followed by Byrne Hope Sanders.

Choral music is commonly written on an open score with one of the staves for each voice part. Choral music may be written to be performed a cappella (unaccompanied) or it may be accompanied by piano, organ, or instrumental ensembles of varying combinations or orchestra.

The comparative study of the Canadian literatures (which normally means writing in English and French) is of recent origin, the best work dating from the late 1960s. The linguistic situation that exists in Canada is not unlike that of other countries that practice bilingual policies (e.g., Cameroon and Belgium). The problem with language is that it often establishes zones of territoriality, rather than opening lines of communication, and in Canada this situation has profoundly inhibited the comparative study of the country's literatures.

Research may focus on a variety of topics. Mass media are studied for the content of their programs, the way those programs are produced and the impact of various influences on programming. Media economic structure and the media's role in political life are also topics of research.

What is distinctive about communications in Québec is the existence of 2 often competing media serving different cultures and, above all, the ways in which francophone media have expressed or reinforced the character of French Canada.

Capote, a hooded greatcoat rather like a parka, usually worn with a sash around the waist, popular with habitants of New France and French Canadian traders and trappers. The word is derived from the French word for "cape.

Newfoundland is particularly rich in the ancient supernatural ballads that are rare elsewhere in North America.

Canada's first book club was started in 1928 when the T. Eaton Company LTD offered its customers "a selective literary service." A committee of literary authorities made a monthly selection of titles - sold to the membership at an average price of $2.

Capilano Review (1972) is a magazine of literature and the arts founded at Capilano College, N Vancouver, as an offshoot of the creative writing program. Originally a quarterly, Capilano Review has been published 3 times a year since 1989.

Conservation is the technology by which preservation (one of the four classic museum functions: acquisition, preservation, research, presentation) is achieved.

Bonheur d'occasion or The Tin Flute (1945), novel by Gabrielle Roy. Set in the Montréal slum of St-Henri during WWII, it is French Canadian literature's first example of urban realism.

Waterloo Music Company Ltd. Publishing and instrument retailing firm founded in 1921 by Charles F. Thiele in Waterloo, Ont. Thiele was sole owner until 1951, when Waterloo Music became a limited company with Thiele as president (1951-4; followed by R.P.

Art Writing and Criticism date for the most part from the 1950s.

Objects of curiosity as well as of conquest, the Indigenous people of the New World were first depicted on maps by illustrators who had no direct knowledge of their subject.

Books in Canada (fd 1971) was a book review magazine distributed by subscription and sold in book stores and newsstands throughout English-speaking Canada; before it went on hiatus in early 2008, it appeared 9 times a year.

BTO, Bachman-Turner Overdrive, rock band including Robin Bachman, Randy Bachman, Blair Thornton and Fred Turner. They were internationally popular during the mid-1970s. BTO's third album Not Fragile, spawned the million-selling single "You Ain't Seen Nuthin' Yet.

Letters, journals, diaries, memoirs and autobiographies are all ways of saying to the reader, "I was there.