History/Historical Figures | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    Jennie Butchart

    Jeannette (Jennie) Foster Butchart (née Kennedy), gardener, hostess (born February 1865 in Toronto, ON; died 12 December 1950 in Victoria, BC). Butchart created one of British Columbia’s top tourist attractions, Butchart Gardens, on her family’s estate on Vancouver Island. From 1904 to 1939, she laid out several formal gardens that included over 900 varieties of plants. Butchart transformed a depleted limestone quarry on the property into the iconic Sunken Garden. For decades, she welcomed tens of thousands of visitors to the gardens each year.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/JennieButchart/JennieButchart.jpg Jennie Butchart
  • Article

    Jens Eriksen Munk

    Jens Eriksen Munk, navigator, explorer, naval officer (b at Barbo, Norway 3 June 1579; d at Copenhagen, Denmark 3 or 24 June 1628).

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Jens Eriksen Munk
  • Article

    Jérôme Lalemant

    Jérôme Lalemant, Jesuit missionary (b at Paris, France 27 Apr 1593; d at Québec City 26 Jan 1673), brother of Charles Lalemant. He arrived in Canada in 1638 and was named superior of the Huron mission.

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Jérôme Lalemant
  • Article

    Jerry Potts

    Jerry Potts, or Ky-yo-kosi, meaning "Bear Child," scout, guide, interpreter (b at Ft McKenzie, US 1840; d at Fort Macleod, Alta 14 July 1896).

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/JerryPotts.jpg Jerry Potts
  • Article

    Jesse Ketchum

    In politics Ketchum opposed the FAMILY COMPACT, and helped organize numerous Reform committees and associations. He held office once - from 1828 to 1834 he was in the House of Assembly. He did not participate in the REBELLIONS OF 1837 but following its collapse moved his business to Buffalo.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/517fca17-55b6-48ab-bf87-fe9034a465f9.jpg Jesse Ketchum
  • Article

    J.M.S. Careless

    James Maurice Stockford Careless, historian (b at Toronto 17 Feb 1919; d at Toronto 6 Apr 2009). A graduate of the UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO (1940), James Careless had just begun graduate work at Harvard when he enlisted in the Canadian military effort during WWII.

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 J.M.S. Careless
  • Editorial

    Joe Boyle: King of the Klondike

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/f13dfe40-7401-479c-b8e1-e33a23260f51.jpg Joe Boyle: King of the Klondike
  • Article

    John Anderson Extradition Case

    John Anderson killed a man in self-defence in the United States while escaping from slavery in 1853. Several years after arriving in Canada, he was threatened with extradition to stand trial for murder in the United States. International agreements made this the law even though Anderson’s chances of getting a fair trial were non-existent. Canadian public opinion opposed the extradition and a protest movement developed in support of Anderson. A Canadian court stopped the extradition while a parallel legal challenge in London led to important changes which shaped Canada’s independent judicial system.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/John_Anderson_portrait cropped-1.jpg John Anderson Extradition Case
  • Article

    John Bell

    John Bell, fur trader, explorer (b on the Isle of Mull, Scot 1799; d at Saugeen, Ont 24 June 1868). John Bell joined the North West Company as a clerk in 1818.

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 John Bell
  • Article

    John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir

    John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir, author, governor general of Canada 1935-40 (b at Perth, Scot 26 Aug 1875; d at Montréal 11 Feb 1940). Buchan published 6 books of fiction, poetry and history while an Oxford undergraduate.

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir
  • Article

    John Cabot

    John Cabot (a.k.a. Giovanni Caboto), merchant, explorer (born before 1450 in Italy, died at an unknown place and date). In 1496, King Henry VII of England granted Cabot the right to sail in search of a westward trade route to Asia and lands unclaimed by Christian monarchs. Cabot mounted three voyages, the second of which, in 1497, was the most successful. During this journey Cabot coasted the shores of Newfoundland and Labrador, possibly sighted the Beothuk or Innu people of the region, and famously noted that the waters teemed with cod. At the time, the land Cabot saw was thought to be the eastern shore of Asia, the fabled island of Brasil, or the equally fabled Isle of Seven Cities. Cabot and his crew were the second group of Europeans to reach what would become Canada, following Norse explorers around 1000 CE. Despite not yielding the trade route Cabot hoped for, the 1497 voyage provided England with a claim to North America and knowledge of an enormous new fishery.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/JohnCabotTweetSize.jpg John Cabot
  • Article

    John Campbell Hamilton-Gordon, Earl of Aberdeen

    John Campbell Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair, Earl of Aberdeen from 1870 to 1916, governor general of Canada from 1893 to 1898 (born 3 August 1847 in Edinburgh, United Kingdom; died 7 March 1934 in Tarland, United Kingdom). As governor general, the Earl of Aberdeen and his wife, Lady Aberdeen, focused on social welfare and engaging with Canadians of various backgrounds and cultures, setting precedents for the philanthropic initiatives of future governors general. Aberdeen also owned an estate in the Okanagan Valley and pioneered commercial fruit growing in the region.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/6b8d8274-d4e0-44b1-af19-70ed0a166816.jpg John Campbell Hamilton-Gordon, Earl of Aberdeen
  • Article

    John Diefenbaker

    John George “Dief the Chief” Diefenbaker, PC, CH, KC, FRSC, prime minister 1957–63, politician, lawyer (born 18 September 1895 in Neustadt, ON; died 16 August 1979 in Ottawa, ON). John Diefenbaker was Canada’s 13th prime minister. He was well known as a defence lawyer before his election to Parliament, and was an eloquent spokesman for “non-establishment” Canada. A supporter of civil rights for all, Diefenbaker championed the Canadian Bill of Rights and the extension of the right to vote to First Nations peoples. He also played an important role in the anti-apartheid statement that led to South Africa’s departure from the Commonwealth in 1961. He was a charismatic and popular speaker; but he was also a divisive force within the Progressive Conservative Party. He was criticized for his indecision concerning nuclear missiles on Canadian soil; for his strained relations with US President John F. Kennedy; and for his cancellation of the Avro Arrow project.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/43c5f766-3240-4962-878e-f9973d4e3052.jpg John Diefenbaker
  • Article

    Lord Durham

    John George Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham, Governor General of British North America (1838), politician, diplomat, colonial administrator (born on 12 Apr 1792 in London, England; died on 28 July 1840 at Cowes). Lord Durham acted as Governor General of British North America after the Rebellions of 1837-38. He drafted the Durham report. The report paved the way for responsible government, but also called for the assimilation of French Canadians.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/65ee2cc4-fcf5-4663-b8d2-f9ce30422a92.jpg Lord Durham
  • Article

    John Guy

    John Guy, merchant venturer, colonizer, governor of the first English colony in NEWFOUNDLAND (d Mar 1629, monument at Bristol, Eng). Guy, an early advocate of colonizing Newfoundland, was appointed governor of the colony created

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 John Guy