Science & Technology | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Macleans

    Cloning Sheep

    For more than a decade, scientists have been using genetic technology to produce biologically identical copies, or clones, of animals. In theory, cloning can be used to improve sheep and cattle breeds by ensuring that the animals' most desirable genetic characteristics are passed on.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on March 18, 1996

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  • Article

    Coal Demethanation

    Coal demethanation is a process by which methane gas is removed from coal deposits. The principal objective of coal demethanation, since its introduction in 1943, has been to remove the safety hazard the gas poses to miners.

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  • Article

    Coal Gasification

    Coal gasification is a process by which coal is converted into a fuel gas rich in hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

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  • Article

    Coal Liquefaction

    Coal liquefaction is a process that converts coal from a solid state into liquid fuels, usually to provide substitutes for petroleum products.

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  • Article

    Cobalt

    Cobalt (Co) is a brittle, hard, greyish-white magnetic metal that melts at 1495°C and that closely resembles iron and nickel. It is not found as a native element.

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  • Article

    Cod Liver Oil

    Cod Liver Oil was in the past a primary source of vitamin A, essential for bone growth, health of skin and mucous membranes, and night vision. Today, many other preparations containing vitamin A are available. Before the 1920s, most cod liver oil came from Norwegian COD.

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  • Article

    Cold-Weather Injuries

    Hypothermia may be defined as a "lower than normal" body temperature. Normal body core temperature is 37.5°C. Mild hypothermia and shivering may occur at body temperatures as high as 36°C. Lower body temperatures are considered as moderate to severe hypothermia.

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  • Article

    Collapse of the Peace River Bridge

    ​The spectacular suspension bridge across the Peace River south of Fort St. John, British Columbia, was opened in the summer of 1943, replacing a ferry crossing on the Alaska Highway.

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  • Macleans

    Colon Cancer in Decline

    In July, 1994, Cindy Stewart was playing first base in a Vancouver softball game when she stretched to catch a ball - and felt a sharp pain in her lower abdomen. When the pain persisted, Stewart checked into hospital and, after testing, was diagnosed with colon cancer.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on September 8, 1997

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  • Article

    Columbium

    Columbium (Cb), or niobium, is a grey, ductile, tarnish-resistant and superconductive metal with a melting point of 2468°C. The name niobium (Nb) was officially adopted in 1951 by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, after 100 years of controversy.

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  • Macleans

    Comet Hale-Bopp Puts on a Show

    Thomas Bopp is a big, broad-shouldered man with a deep voice, a quiet demeanor and a look on his face that suggests he would like to get this experience over quickly. The 47-year-old amateur astronomer from Phoenix, Ariz.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on March 10, 1997

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  • Article

    Commodities in Canada

    In commerce, commodities are interchangeable goods or services. Many natural resources in Canada are viewed as commodities. They are a major source of the country’s wealth. Examples of commodities include a barrel of crude oil, an ounce of gold, or a contract to clear snow during the winter. Commodity products often supply the production of other goods or services. Many are widely traded in futures exchanges (see Commodity Trading).

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  • Article

    Commodity Inspection and Grading

    Commodity Inspection and GradingCanada's AGRICULTURE AND FOOD inspection and grading system has 2 major goals: first, it endeavours to provide standards of quality and grades that are readily recognizable and acceptable in domestic and international commodity and food markets; second, it attempts to encourage concern for safety and nutrition in the processing, distribution and retailing of food products. Both of these objectives contribute to consumer protection. Commodity inspection and grading have a long history in...

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  • Article

    Communication Studies

    Research may focus on a variety of topics. Mass media are studied for the content of their programs, the way those programs are produced and the impact of various influences on programming. Media economic structure and the media's role in political life are also topics of research.

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  • Article

    Communications

    Communications influence all societies, but Canada in particular takes its shape and meaning from communications systems.

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