Indigenous Peoples | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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Displaying 46-60 of 308 results
  • Article

    Cara Gee

    Cara Gee, actor (born 18 July 1983 in Calgary, AB). Ojibwe actor Cara Gee started out in notable Toronto theatre productions before receiving an American Indian Movie Award and a Canadian Screen Award nomination for her lead role in the First Nations drama Empire of Dirt (2013). She then starred in CBC’s Strange Empire (2014–15) and Disney’s The Call of The Wild (2020). She is perhaps best known for her role as Camina Drummer on the popular science fiction series The Expanse (2015–22).

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/Cara_Gee_-13-_38017549002_1.jpg Cara Gee
  • Article

    Kivallirmiut (Caribou Inuit)

    The name “Caribou Inuit” stemmed from Europeans who took part in the Fifth Danish Thule Expedition (1921–24) and observed that the Kivallirmiut relied on caribou for food, clothing and shelter. Based on recent estimates, the Kivallirmiut today number about 3,000.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/d8c8c01c-6b29-4d24-bc35-05645ca9a904.jpg Kivallirmiut (Caribou Inuit)
  • Article

    Carl Ray

    Carl Ray, Cree artist, illustrator, editor and art teacher (born January 1943 in Sandy Lake, ON; died 26 September 1978 in Sioux Lookout, ON). Ray was known for his innovative paintings in the Woodlands style and was a founding member of the Indian Group of Seven. Ray’s work has influenced Indigenous art in Canada and can be found in the collections of various galleries and museums across the country.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/0c7246ce-04d4-4027-9907-07156a5ba0d6.jpg Carl Ray
  • Article

    Dakelh (Carrier)

    Dakelh, also known as Carrier, are Dene people traditionally occupying areas in north-central British Columbia. The Carrier name derives from the former custom of a widow carrying the ashes of her deceased husband in a bag during a period of mourning, at which time a ceremonial distribution of goods released her of the obligation. The name is also an English translation of Aghele, the Sekani name for Dakelh people. They call themselves Dakelh (people who “travel upon water”), and add the suffixes -xwoten, “people of” or -t’en, “people” to village names or locations to refer to specific groups (e.g., Tl’azt’en, Wet’suwet’en). In the 2016 census, 7,810 people claimed to have Dakelh ancestry.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/46e0fc31-7bbd-464d-a310-7783799def57.jpg Dakelh (Carrier)
  • Article

    Cayuga

    The Cayuga (also known as Guyohkohnyo and Gayogohó:no', meaning “People of the Pipe” or “People of the Great Swamp”) are Indigenous peoples who have traditionally occupied territories along the northern shore of the St. Lawrence River and south into the Finger Lakes district of New York State. The Cayuga are one of six First Nations that make up the Haudenosaunee Confederacy.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/ac17518a-1788-42ab-9c72-0e9a64497c68.jpg Cayuga
  • Article

    Celebrating National Indigenous History Month in Canada

    The history of Indigenous peoples in Canada begins much earlier than any other group living here — and is far more complex.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/c8645ca0-1fb2-4b94-8eaf-44c8d250e845.jpg Celebrating National Indigenous History Month in Canada
  • Article

    Charles Edenshaw (Tahayren)

    ​Charles (Charlie) Edenshaw (Haida name, Tahayren), Haida chief and master artist (born 1839 in Skidegate, Haida Gwaii, BC; died 10 September 1920 in Masset, Haida Gwaii, BC). Edenshaw was among the first professional Haida artists. He was noted for his flawless execution of dynamic flowing forms in an otherwise strict and disciplined art tradition. Many of Edenshaw’s descendants also became artists, including his daughter Florence Davidson, his grandson Claude Davidson, his great-grandsons Reggie and Robert Davidson and his great-great nephew Bill Reid.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/03ae8b68-09f7-4023-9d93-304e6b66d12a.jpg Charles Edenshaw (Tahayren)
  • Article

    Chanie Wenjack

    Chanie “Charlie” Wenjack (born 19 January 1954; died 23 October 1966 near Redditt, ON). Chanie Wenjack, an Anishinaabe boy from Ontario, ran away from his residential school near Kenora at age 12, and subsequently died from hunger and exposure to the harsh weather. His death in 1966 sparked national attention and the first inquest into the treatment of Indigenous children in Canadian residential schools.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/d977d73d-e6e6-4d17-8807-e4eae8c74305.JPG Chanie Wenjack
  • Article

    Kyuquot and Checleseht First Nations

    The Kyuquot (Ka:’yu:’k’t’h’) and Checleseht (Chek’tles7et’h’) First Nations make up the northernmost Nuu-chah-nulth communities on the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Once separate bands, the Kyuquot and Checleseht officially amalgamated in 1962. Both are currently self-governing nations under the Maa-nulth Treaty.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/7341256a-7b45-4fcd-b945-4b606038ef74.JPG Kyuquot and Checleseht First Nations
  • Article

    Chief

    Chief is a word used to denote status or leadership upon an individual in a group, clan or family. The origin of the word is European; colonists used it to refer to the leaders of Indigenous nations during the era of contact. While different Indigenous nations have their own terms for chief, the English version of the word is still used widely to describe leaders tasked with promoting cultural and political autonomy. The term is also used by institutions and organizations that are not exclusively Indigenous to refer to heads of staff (e.g., chief of police, commander-in-chief, chief executive officer). This article explores the historical and contemporary uses of the term in the Indigenous context.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/523486d8-e1c9-46a3-bfce-7ffa41907512.jpg Chief
  • Article

    Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)

    The Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) are an Indigenous people who live between the Fraser River and the Coast Mountains in west-central British Columbia. Traditionally Dene (Athabascan) speaking, their name means "people of the red river" and also refers to the Chilcotin Plateau region in British Columbia. The Tsilhqot’in National Government is a tribal council established in 1989 that represents the six member First Nations of the Chilcotin Plateau. In 2014, the Tsilhqot’in people won a Supreme Court of Canada case that focused on the issue of Aboriginal title. In 2018, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau formally apologized to the Tsilhqot’in people for the wrongful conviction and hanging of Tsilhqot’in chiefs during the Chilcotin War of 1864.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/1209caa7-baef-416b-85cf-5a9975513dd9.jpg Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)
  • List

    Children’s Books About Residential Schools in Canada

    Church-run schools for Indigenous children were created in Canada in the 1600s. In 1883, the Canadian government funded and helped establish more church-run schools. The goal was to assimilate Indigenous children into the dominant white, Christian society. By the time the last residential school closed in 1996, more than 150,000 First Nation, Métis and Inuit children had been forced to attend against their will and the wishes of their parents. Many children were physically, emotionally and sexually abused at the schools. Thousands died. The multigenerational social and psychological effects of the schools have been devastating and ongoing. The federal government and churches have apologized for what is now widely considered a form of genocide. (See also Genocide and Indigenous Peoples in Canada.) Knowledge of what happened at the schools is an essential part of reconciliation and healing. Many children’s books have been written about residential schools as part of that essential effort. This list includes titles for toddlers to preteens. Together, these books explore a variety of themes related to residential schools, including intergenerational trauma, language revitalization, commemoration and the power of resistance.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/86457bd9-5e52-4288-a765-42d9611c9554.jpg Children’s Books About Residential Schools in Canada
  • Article

    Denesuline (Chipewyan)

    The Denesuline (also known as Chipewyan) are Indigenous people in the Subarctic region of Canada, with communities in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and the Northwest Territories.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/d042a7cd-8095-4a4a-b112-ef4791bf04c6.jpg Denesuline (Chipewyan)
  • Article

    Cindy Blackstock

    Cindy Blackstock, OC, social worker, author, professor, advocate (born 1964 in Burns Lake, BC). Blackstock is a nationally and internationally respected advocate for the rights of Indigenous children. She co-founded the First Nations Child and Family Caring Society in 1998. Later, Blackstock led the organization’s case against the federal government from 2007–16. The Caring Society argued child welfare services provided to First Nations children and families on-reserve were discriminatory and flawed. Blackstock and the Caring Society continue to work toward improving child and family services for Indigenous children across Canada.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/CindyBlackstock/cindyblackstock1.jpg Cindy Blackstock
  • Article

    Tla-o-qui-aht (Clayoquot)

    The Tla-o-qui-aht First Nation (meaning the “people from Clayoqua” or the people from “Tla-o-qui”) are a member of the Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council. Tla-o-qui-aht territory is located on the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. As of September 2018, the nation has a registered population of 1,147 registered members.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/4e0c3130-e80d-4e28-991d-0e077b5deb77.jpg Tla-o-qui-aht (Clayoquot)