Communities & Sociology | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    History of Métis Settlements in Canada

    Métis communities are found across Canada; however, the only legislated Métis land base is in Alberta. Eight Métis settlements are located across the northern and central-eastern part of the province: Paddle Prairie, Peavine, Gift Lake, East Prairie, Buffalo Lake, Kikino, Elizabeth and Fishing Lake. As of 2016, the settlements cover 512,121 hectares of land and are home to approximately 5,000 people. The Métis Settlements are self-governing and provide for the protection of Métis culture and identity.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/MetisSettlementsFlag/Metis_Settlements_Flag.gif History of Métis Settlements in Canada
  • Article

    #MeToo Movement in Canada

    The #MeToo movement protesting sexual violence against women began in the United States in October 2017 in the wake of accusations against Hollywood film producer Harvey Weinstein. Since then, it has rapidly expanded internationally through Facebook, Twitter and other social media platforms. In Canada, #MeToo and its French equivalent, #MoiAussi, have amplified the voices of victims and changed the conversation pertaining to rape, sexual abuse, sexual assault and other forms of sexual violence, harassment and misconduct.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/metoo/dreamstime_xl_114828812.jpg #MeToo Movement in Canada
  • Article

    Metropolitan Methodist Church

    Metropolitan Methodist Church, now called Metropolitan United Church, is located at 56 Queen Street East, Toronto. From the 1870s through the 1890s Toronto was proud to call itself a "city of churches."

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/1d02daf3-12da-4733-99e1-930781ab1bc9.jpg Metropolitan Methodist Church
  • Article

    Mi-Carême

    Mi-Carême, Mid-Lent, in French Canadian tradition, is the time when people dress up in disguise and go from house to house asking for treats, singing and dancing in the Mumming tradition.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/1ce9daaa-622c-4aa6-821e-8c6fe26fd740.jpg Mi-Carême
  • Article

    Michif

    Michif is a language spoken by Métis peoples mostly in parts of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, North Dakota and Montana. Michif is mainly a combination of Cree and French, but the language also borrows from English and other Indigenous languages, including Ojibwe. Michif is considered an endangered language. In 2021 Statistics Canada reported that 1,845 people identified as Michif speakers. While Michif is the most commonly spoken Métis language, it is not the only one; others include: French Cree, French Michif, Bungi and Brayet.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/8422126e-7f18-4afa-bcb5-87c5f1e6825a.jpg Michif
  • Article

    Midewiwin

    Midewiwin, or Grand Medicine Society, is a spiritual society found historically among the Algonquian of the Upper Great Lakes (Anishinaabe), northern prairies and eastern subarctic. Once widespread, the Midewiwin became less prevalent after the arrival of Europeans in the 18th and 19th centuries. Today, the largest Midewiwin societies are found in parts of Ontario, Manitoba, Wisconsin and Minnesota.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/midewiwin.jpg Midewiwin
  • Article

    Migration

    Migration is defined restrictively as a regular movement between alternate sites, one of which is usually a breeding location.

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  • Article

    Military Service Act

    The Military Service Act became law on 29 August 1917. It was a politically explosive and controversial law that bitterly divided the country along French-English lines. It made all male citizens aged 20 to 45 subject to conscription for military service, through the end of the First World War. As such, the Act had significant political consequences. It led to the creation of Prime Minister Borden’s Union Government and drove most of his French-Canadian supporters into opposition.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/1a7b61ee-ed48-4f36-bedd-c816ea64a819.jpg Military Service Act
  • Article

    Millenarianism

    Millenarianism is the belief that a fundamental transformation of society is coming, one that will bring a golden age of peace and prosperity. Although millenarianism is a Judeo- Christian concept in origin, it has also been associated with other religious, political and social groups.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/69eb5724-3d71-4cca-857c-6656454c42d5.jpg Millenarianism
  • Article

    'Mimkwamlis Potlatch (Memkumlis Raid)

    On 25 December 1921, a Potlatch ceremony was held in the Kwakwa̱ka̱’wakw village of ‘Mimkwamlis (also spelled Memkumlis, and also known as Village Island). The Potlatch ceremony was illegal at the time. Officers of the federal government’s Department of Indian Affairs (see Federal Departments of Indigenous and Northern Affairs), as well as the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and, according to some sources, the British Columbia provincial police learned of this Potlatch. They arrested 45 people for participating in the Potlatch. Approximately half of the people were sent to prison for periods ranging from two to three months. Hundreds of precious Kwakwa̱ka̱’wakw ceremonial objects were confiscated. Some of these items were sold to collectors and wound up in museums without the consent of the Kwakwa̱ka̱’wakw people. The arrests related to the ‘Mimkwamlis Potlatch of 1921 were an example of police and government abuse of Indigenous Peoples. It is a further example of the attempted cultural genocide of Indigenous Peoples in Canada (see Genocide and Indigenous Peoples in Canada).

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/MimkwamlisPotlatch/umista_cultural_centre_web.jpg 'Mimkwamlis Potlatch (Memkumlis Raid)
  • Article

    Mishipeshu

    The most important underwater being for the Ojibwa is Mishipeshu, which means "the Great Lynx." This fantastic dragon-like animal resembles a feline with horns, symbols of his power.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/a797e73e-48f0-427b-ae3a-3dd9abe4233b.jpg Mishipeshu
  • Article

    Misinformation in Canada

    The advance of computers into all aspects of our lives and the rising role of the Internet have led many people to call this the Information Age. But with news travelling fast, and often with few checks and balances to ensure accuracy, it can also be seen as the Misinformation Age. Learning how to separate facts from misinformation or so-called fake news has become a critical modern skill as people learn to evaluate information being shared with them, as well as to scrutinize information they may share themselves.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/FakeNews/640px-FAKE_NEWS.png Misinformation in Canada
  • Article

    Missionaries in the 17th Century

    The presence of Roman Catholic priests, lay brothers, and nuns among the first settlers in New France was an important factor in the development of the colony. The prime object was to convert the Indigenous people but the missionaries also looked after the spiritual needs of the colonists.

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  • Article

    Missions and Missionaries

    In New France as elsewhere the christianization of the Indigenous population was an ostensible motive for European occupation, and trading companies and governors were under official pressure to provide it. The actual work was left largely to religious orders and societies.

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  • Article

    Moncton Police Killings

    ​On 4 June 2014, the city of Moncton, New Brunswick, was the scene of one of the worst police killings in Canadian history.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/155beb79-28b9-422c-aae9-537fe07552be.jpg Moncton Police Killings