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Portuguese explorers were among the first Europeans to lay eyes on what is now Canadian soil. In the 2016 Canadian census, 482, 610 people reported being of Portuguese origin, and 221, 540 people reported having Portuguese as their mother tongue language.

The Seneca (Onöndowa’ga, “People of the Great Hills”) are an Indigenous nation. Known as the “Keepers of the Western Door,” they are the western-most member of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy with ancestral lands located south of Lake Ontario. Today, some Seneca people also live on Six Nations territory near Brantford, Ontario. (See also First Nations.)

William Bell Dawson, surveyor, engineer, civil servant (b at Pictou, NS 2 May 1854; d at Montréal 21 May 1944). Son of Sir John William DAWSON, he studied at McGill and the École des Ponts et Chaussées, Paris, France.

Aileen Mindel (Minda) Bronfman de Gunzburg, philanthropist (born 4 March 1925 in Montreal, QC; died 1 July 1985 in Paris, France).

Hélène Monette was very involved in the cultural scene through poetry, and often appeared on stage sometimes accompanied by musicians, for poetry readings. She travelled in France, Mexico and Portugal performing in various festivals and meeting students and authors.

Robert William Service, poet, novelist (b at Preston, Eng 16 Jan 1874; d at Lancieux, France 11 Sept 1958). Educated in Scotland, Service worked in a bank after he left school. In 1894 he immigrated to Canada, where, after

Janine Sutto, actor (born 20 April 1921 in Paris, France; dead 28 March 2017 in Montréal, Québec). An autodidact, she came to the stage very early, and brilliantly personified countless roles in all genres of theatre, radio and television.

Gabriel Charpentier, composer, poet, artistic adviser (b at Richmond, Qué 13 Sept 1925). He studied piano with Jean PAPINEAU-COUTURE, the Benedictine monks in Saint-Benoît-du-Lac, and in France with Norbert Dufourcq, Annette Dieudonné and Nadia Boulanger.

Bruce Ubukata. Pianist, organist, harpsichordist, vocal coach, b Goderich, Ont, 3 Sep 1949; BA (Carleton) 1970. Bruce Ubukata studied privately with Greta Kraus in Toronto, Sir Peter Pears at Aldeburgh, and Pierre Bernac at St Jean de Luz, France.

The French came to the North-West from Montréal in search of furs and an overland route to the Mer de l'Ouest which would lead to a short route to China (see coureurs de bois).

Sir Étienne-Paschal Taché, politician, doctor (born 5 September 1795 in Saint-Thomas [Montmagny], Lower Canada; died 30 July 1865 in Montmagny, Canada East).

German Canadians — that is, Canadians who report their ethnic origin as solely or partly from Germany or of German ancestry — are one of Canada's largest ethnic categories of European origin. At the time of the British Conquest of New France, nearly 200 families living in the St. Lawrence Valley were of German origin. British North America, and then Canada, would receive six waves of immigration throughout their history, the most recent of which consisted of displaced people at the end of the Second World War. In the 2016 Canadian Census, 3,322,405 Canadians (nearly 10 per cent of the population) reported German origins, and 404,745 people in the country reported German as their mother tongue. A large proportion of these respondents lived in Ontario or central Canada.

Daniel Swift. Conductor, musicologist, b Shawinigan, Que, 14 Jul 1950; Baccalauréat spécialisé en lettres, French literature (UQTR) 1973, BA (Laval) 1977, MA (Laval) 1986.

H. Harrison McCain, executive (born 3 November 1927 in Florenceville, New Brunswick; died 19 March 2004 in Boston, Massachusetts). The son of an exporter of seed potatoes, McCain graduated from Acadia U and worked as a sales executive for Irving Oil Co.

Michael Schade, singer (b at Geneva, Switzerland 23 Jan 1965). After spending his early years in Switzerland, he emigrated to Canada with his family in 1977 and enrolled in St.

Chorale de l'Université de Moncton 1963-87 (Chorale de l'Université Saint-Joseph, 1946-63). Male choir founded by Father Léandre Brault in 1946 in Memramcook, NB, with the aim of developing interest in Gregorian chant.

Émile Gour. Tenor, choirmaster, b L'Assomption, near Montreal, 21 Apr 1893, d Montreal 24 Sep 1970. He studied piano and harmony with Alphonse Lavallée-Smith and voice with Salvator Issaurel 1915-22. While pursuing a career as a singer he remained in the employ of the Canadian postal service.

Agnes Maule Machar, novelist, poet, historian (b at Kingston, Ont 23 Jan 1837; d there 24 Jan 1927). An important reformist and literary figure in Victorian Canada, she was a prolific writer who published poetry, several novels and volumes of history and biography.

Monique Bosco, author (born at Vienna, Austria 1927, died at Montréal, 17 May 2007). She completed her studies in France and immigrated to Canada in 1948, where she obtained a doctorate with a thesis titled L'Isolement dans le roman canadien-français (Isolation in the French Canadian Novel) (1953).

John Keane, British army officer, military figure in the WAR OF 1812 (b at Belmont, Ireland, 6 Feb 1781; d at Burton Lodge, Hampshire, England, 26 Aug 1844). John Keane's military career began in 1794 when he was appointed to the rank of captain in a newly raised regiment that was soon broken up.