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Lloyd Montgomery Pidgeon, OC, chemist (born 3 December 1903 in Markham, ON; died 9 December 1999).

Isobel Moira Dunbar, OC, FRSC, public servant, ice research scientist (born 3 February 1918 in Edinburgh, Scotland; died 22 November 1999 in Ottawa, ON).

Charles Alexander Mitchell, scientist, veterinarian, medical historian (b at Clarksburg, Ont 9 Aug 1891; d at Ottawa 8 July 1979).

Frederick Montizambert, physician, public-health official (b at Québec, Canada E 3 Feb 1843; d at Ottawa 2 Nov 1929). Montizambert practised in Québec before entering the Canadian public-health service in 1866.

Patrick Alan Morrow, photographer, mountaineer (b at Invermere, BC 18 Oct 1952). His abilities as an adventure photographer led to a position on the 1982 Canadian MOUNT EVEREST EXPEDITION, and on October 7 of that year he became

Roberta Lynn Bondar, CC, OOnt, FRSC, astronaut, neurologist, physician, educator, photographer (born 4 December 1945 in Sault Ste Marie, ON). Bondar became the first Canadian woman and second Canadian in space when she flew aboard the American space shuttle Discovery in 1992. A doctor specializing in the nervous system, she is a pioneer in space medicine research. Bondar is also an exhibited and published nature photographer. She established The Roberta Bondar Foundation to educate people about environmental protection through art, and she currently serves as one of the organization’s directors.

Clara Cynthia Benson, professor of chemistry (born in 1875 in Port Hope, ON; died 24 March 1964 in Port Hope). In 1899, Benson became the first woman to graduate in chemistry from the University of Toronto. In 1903, she became one of the first two women awarded a PhD at U of T. After graduating with her doctorate, she worked at U of T’s Lillian Massey School of Domestic Science, becoming one of the university’s first female professors in 1920. A capable teacher who stimulated research and was a friend to her students, Benson taught at the school until her retirement in 1945. The Benson Building at U of T was named in recognition of her efforts to obtain better athletic facilities for women students.

Richard Norman Jones, OC, FRSC, scientist (born 20 March 1913 in Manchester, England; died 17 February 2001).

James Laurence (Jim) Balsillie, co-CEO of Research In Motion, business executive, chartered professional accountant, philanthropist (born 3 February 1961 in Seaforth, ON). Balsillie is best known as the former chairman and co-CEO of Research In Motion, the Waterloo, Ontario, company now known as BlackBerry. He is also a major philanthropist and the founder of numerous non-profit organizations, including the Arctic Research Foundation (which found one of the lost Franklin ships in 2016), the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, the Balsillie School of International Affairs and the Centre for International Governance Innovation. An avid hockey fan, Balsillie tried on three separate occasions to purchase an NHL team and move it to Hamilton, Ontario.

Lionel Cinq-Mars, plant pathologist, vascular plant systematist (b at St-Coeur-de-Marie, Qué 12 June 1919; d at Québec C 6 Aug 1973). Trained in plant pathology, but interested in the taxonomy of vascular plants, Cinq-Mars initiated and encouraged continued development of floristic studies at Laval.

Phillip Clarke Garratt, aviator (b at Toronto 13 July 1894; d there 16 Nov 1975). He served in WWI with the Royal Flying Corps, flew as a commercial pilot and joined DE HAVILLAND AIRCRAFT in 1936, where he directed the development of aircraft to operate in the Canadian North (seeBUSH FLYING).

Robert Oliver Sweezey, engineer, promoter (b at Trois-Rivières, Qué 8 Dec 1883; d at Montréal 13 May 1968). Sweezey was the promoter and president of the massive Beauharnois Light, Heat and Power Corp and of other hydroelectric, forestry and transportation endeavours.

Charles Herbert Best, physiologist, co-discoverer of insulin (b at West Pembroke, Maine 27 Feb 1899; d at Toronto 31 Mar 1978).

Edmund Harry Botterell, neurosurgeon, medical educator (b at Vancouver 28 Feb 1906; d at Kingston 23 Jun 1997). Graduation in medicine from the University of Manitoba was followed by neurosurgical training at University of Toronto and research at Yale.

Rolf Georg Walter Meier, electronics designer, amateur astronomer (born 24 July 1953 in Goslar, West Germany; died 26 June 2016 in Ottawa, ON). Meier made unique discoveries of four new comets, all named after him.

Juda Hirsch Quastel, CC, professor of neurochemistry (born 2 October 1899 in Sheffield, England; died 15 October 1987 in Vancouver, BC). Quastel was a founder of modern neurochemistry.

Seeman's major scientific discoveries concern the nerve cell receptor for the neurohormone L-dopamine, whose aberrant function is manifest in one or more forms of Parkinsonism.

Howard Fredeen, agricultural research scientist (b at Macrorie, Sask 10 Dec 1921).

Ursula Martius Franklin, CC, OOnt, FRSC, physicist, educator, feminist and social activist (born 16 September 1921 in Munich, Germany; died 22 July 2016 in Toronto, Ontario). A specialist in the structure of metals and alloys, she pioneered the development of archaeometry, which applies modern techniques of materials analysis to archaeology. After working as a senior research scientist for the Ontario Research Foundation (1952–67), she joined the University of Toronto’s Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science (now the Department of Materials Science and Engineering) in 1967. She won many awards for her innovative scientific and humanitarian work, including the Pearson Peace Medal (2002).

John (Jack) Archibald Armstrong, OC, business executive, geologist, engineer (born 24 March 1917 in Dauphin, Manitoba; died 26 December 2010 in Nanaimo, BC). Armstrong graduated from the University of Manitoba and worked four decades for Imperial Oil, Canada’s largest oil company. He served as its CEO (1973–81) and chairman (1974–81) before retiring 1982.