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Conception Bay is one of the principal bays of Newfoundland, formed by 2 north-reaching arms of the Avalon Peninsula.

Placentia Bay, from the French plaisance (meaning a "pleasant place"), is a large, deep bay formed by Newfoundland's Burin Peninsula to the west, and the southwestern Avalon Peninsula to the east.

Avalon Peninsula, 9220 km2, is a spreading peninsula thrust out into the rich fishing grounds of the north Atlantic, forming the southeast corner of insular Newfoundland.

The Niagara Peninsula lies between Lake Ontario, Lake Erie and the Niagara River in southwestern Ontario. As the river is on the international boundary between Canada and the United States, the peninsula has played a frontier role since 1783.

The Niagara River, 58 km long, issues from Lake Erie and flows north over Niagara Falls to Lake Ontario. The river’s drainage area is about 684,000 km², and its average flow at Queenston is 5,885 m³/s. The Niagara River forms part of the border between Canada and the United States.