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Winnipeg Folk Festival. It was established in 1974 by Mitch Podolak, Ava Kobrinsky and Colin Gorrie as part of Winnipeg's centennial celebrations.

In the 19th century a number of winter-inspired piano pieces or songs for voice and piano were published, including Canadian Winter Galop (1864 or before) by Charles J. Millar, Winter Carnival March (1884) by C.A.

Women's musical clubs. Associations of music lovers formed with the aim of improving the members' knowledge and appreciation of music, enriching the concert life of the local community, and encouraging young artists.

Windsor Symphony Orchestra. Founded as an amateur orchestra in 1947 in Windsor, Ont by Matti Holli.

World Music Week/Semaine mondiale de la musique. Biennial congress begun in 1975 and held under the aegis of the International Music Council.

Yukon Arts Council. Organization founded as an independent society under the Yukon Societies Ordinance in October 1971. Prior to that time, some of its musical responsibilities were carried out by the Whitehorse Concert Association, active from the late 1950s to 1970.

Warner Music Canada Ltd (successively, 1967-90, Warner Reprise Canada Ltd, Kinney Music of Canada Ltd, WEA Music of Canada Ltd).

World Soundscape Project. Founded by R. Murray Schafer in the late 1960s with headquarters at Simon Fraser University. This research group has secured Canada a place in the forefront of the study of soundscape ecology.

Western Ontario Conservatory of Music (WOCM). Teaching and examining body operated under the auspices of the University of Western Ontario 1934-97.

Broken Social Scene is an indie rock band formed in Toronto by core members Kevin Drew and Brendan Canning in 1999. They recorded their primarily instrumental album Feel Good Lost with help from a handful of friends. It was released in 2001 and more people were added to fill out its sounds on stage.

The mandate of Ballet Jörgen Canada continues to be the discovery, encouragement and development of new choreographers, particularly in the field of ballet. To this end the company concentrates on new and innovative creations, which it presents in Toronto and on tour.

Immigration to Canada from Lebanon (formerly part of the Ottoman district of 'Greater Syria') began in 1882.

Waterloo Musical Society Band. Civic band normally of 32-45 players, founded in 1882 under the auspices of the Waterloo Musical Society. In its early years it participated in many competitions or tournaments, winning nine prizes in a single year during the 1880s.

Jazz festivals. Traditionally heard in nightclubs, jazz was first presented in a festival setting in France in the late 1940s and at Newport, RI, in 1954. The 'jazz festival' typically brings together several ensembles over a period of days in one or more venues.

"If You Could Read My Mind." Song by Gordon Lightfoot. Written in 1969, "catches the cadences of a hurt lover unused to words that cut too close" (Maclean's, 1 May 1978). The song has been recorded more than 100 times, first in 1969 by the composer for his LP Sit Down Young Stranger.

COMUS Music Theatre of Canada. Organization operating 1975-87 in Toronto (its name derived from Milton's Masque of Comus). COMUS was founded by Michael Bawtree, Gabriel Charpentier, and Maureen Forrester, whose aim was to develop and present music theatre works of all kinds in all media.

Ward method. Initially a liturgical movement as well as a music-training system. It was developed by Justine Ward (USA 1880-1975) to accommodate the directives of Pius X's Motu proprio (1903) for the renewal of sacred song.

Choral singing; Choirs. Canada's choirs have contributed significantly to religious, educational, and concert activities within the country, and some have earned high reputations abroad.