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38 Canadian Brigade Group (38 CBG) is a formation of the Canadian Army Reserve. There are 13 units in the group, including armoured, artillery, engineer, signals, infantry and logistics units. The units are located in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and north-western Ontario. Brigade Group headquarters is located in Winnipeg, Manitoba. In total, 38 CBG includes more than 1,200 reservists.

41 Canadian Brigade Group (41 CBG) is a formation of the Canadian Army Reserve. There are 9 units in the group, including armoured, artillery, engineer, signals, infantry and logistics units. The units are located in Alberta and the Northwest Territories. Brigade Group headquarters is located in Calgary, Alberta. In total, 41 CBG includes about 1,700 reservists.

33 Canadian Brigade Group (33 CBG) is a formation of the Canadian Army Reserve. There are 15 units in the group, including armoured, artillery, engineer, signals, infantry and logistics units. The units are located in Ontario. Brigade Group headquarters is located in Ottawa, Ontario.

36 Canadian Brigade Group (36 CBG) is a formation of the Canadian Army Reserve. There are 11 units in the group, including armoured, artillery, engineer, signals, infantry and logistics units. The units are located in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. Brigade Group headquarters is located in Halifax, Nova Scotia. In total, 36 CBG includes approximately 1,600 members.

35 Canadian Brigade Group (35 CBG) is a formation of the Canadian Army Reserve. There are 12 units in the group, including armoured, artillery, engineer, signals, infantry and logistics units. The units are based in Eastern Quebec. Brigade Group headquarters is located in Quebec City, Quebec. In total, 35 CBG includes about 2,200 reservists and 60 members of the Regular Force.

39 Canadian Brigade Group (39 CBG) is a formation of the Canadian Army Reserve. There are 11 units in the group, including armoured, artillery, engineer, signals, infantry and logistics units. The units are located in British Columbia. Brigade Group headquarters is located in Vancouver.

5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group (5 CMBG) is a formation of the Canadian Army. There are eight units in the group: a light artillery regiment, armoured regiment, combat engineer regiment, headquarters and signals squadron, three infantry battalions and a service battalion. In total, 5 CMBG includes about 5,000 members of the Regular and Reserve forces, as well as civilian staff. Brigade group headquarters is located at CFB Valcartier in Quebec.

In 1950, one of Canada’s greatest medical innovations was developed at the University of Toronto’s Banting Institute. Cardiac surgeon, Dr. Wilfred Bigelow and research fellow, Dr. John Carter Callaghan were trying to understand how hypothermia (see Cold-Weather Injuries) could slow the beating of an animal’s heart before surgery. They were also looking for a way to stimulate the heart when it faltered as it cooled. This largely unknown area of research could have tremendous applications for humans. The doctors partnered with Dr. John A. Hopps from the National Research Council of Canada, who created a portable artificial external pacemaker. It was designed to send electric pulses to the heart, which caused the heart to contract and pump blood to the body. The device was successfully tested on a dog in 1950. This landmark discovery paved the way for the use of implantable pacemakers in humans.

The Royal Canadian Naval Air Service (RCNAS) was formed during the closing months of the First World War to help counter the German U-boat threat on Canada’s East Coast. It was disbanded after only three months of existence. A Canadian naval air service was not created again until after the Second World War.

The Canadian Aviation Corps was formed in September 1914, immediately after the start of the First World War. The three-person, one-plane unit sailed to Britain with the First Canadian Contingent in early October 1914 but never saw active service. The CAC was disbanded in May 1915. Canada would not have a permanent air force until 1924 (see Royal Canadian Air Force).

1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group (1 CMBG) is a formation of the Canadian Army. There are eight units in the brigade group: an armoured regiment, artillery regiment, combat engineer regiment, headquarters and signals squadron, two mechanized and one light infantry battalions and a service battalion. Brigade Group headquarters is located in Edmonton, Alberta.

2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group (2 CMBG) is a formation of the Canadian Army. There are eight units in the brigade group: an armoured regiment, artillery regiment, combat engineer regiment, headquarters and signals squadron, one mechanized and two light infantry battalions and a service battalion. Brigade Group headquarters is located at Petawawa, Ontario.

Workers' compensation is the name of legislation designed to provide benefits, medical care and rehabilitation services to individuals who suffer workplace injuries or contract occupational diseases. (See also Social Programs in Canada.)

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 Olympic Summer Games were the first Olympic Games to be postponed. They were held in Tokyo, Japan, from 23 July to 8 August 2021. Canada sent 371 athletes (225 women, 146 men) and finished 11th in the overall medal standings with 24 (seven gold, six silver, 11 bronze). It is the most Canada has ever won at a non-boycotted Olympic Summer Games. Of the 24 medals, 18 were won by Canadian women. The seven gold medals tied Canada’s record at a non-boycotted Olympic Summer Games. Highlights for Canada at the Tokyo Games included Penny Oleksiak becoming Canada’s most decorated Olympian; Andre De Grasse winning three medals, including gold in the men’s 200 m dash; the Canadian women’s soccer team winning gold for the first time in dramatic fashion; and gold medallist Damian Warner becoming only the fourth athlete in Olympic history to score more than 9,000 points in the decathlon.

Since its inception in 1924, the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) has served Canadians in peace and war. It played a vital role in the Second World War, becoming the fourth-largest Allied air force, and reached its "golden age" in the late 1950s, with dozens of combat squadrons on the front lines of the Cold War. The term Royal, dropped from the name in 1968, was returned to the air force in 2011.

During the First World War, more than 5,000 Canadian pilots served in the Royal Flying Corps (RFC). The RFC was formed on 13 April 1912 to satisfy Britain's need for a military presence in the expanding field of aviation. It joined with the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) in April 1918 to become the Royal Air Force. During the war, an RFC/RAF training program in Canada produced approximately 10,500 pilots, mechanics and aircraftmen.

The armed forces are the land, naval and air forces commanded by the federal government for the purpose of defending Canada's security, protecting its citizens, and promoting its strategic interests at home or abroad. The armed forces have evolved since colonial times from small, local militia units to the modern professional military forces of today.

The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC)/Radio-Canada is one of the world's major public broadcasting organizations. It operates national radio (AM and FM) and television networks in English and French; provides regional and local radio and television programming in both official languages; broadcasts locally produced programs in English and Indigenous languages for people living in the far North; runs a multilingual shortwave service for listeners overseas; and provides closed captioning for the deaf.

The concept of a model minority is a myth and stereotype that was first identified by the discipline of Asian American studies in the 1970s. This academic field of study was developed as a response to the omission and marginalization of Asian Americans in the study of American history. This stereotype depicts Asians as hard working, successful at school and in the workplace, and as economically prosperous. This stereotype has many negative consequences. It divides Asian Canadian communities — which include East Asians, Southeast Asians, South Asians, and Central Asians — and other racialized groups. The model minority myth also overlooks a history of systemic racism towards Canadians of Asian descent and trivializes contemporary problems within Asian Canadian communities. (See also South Asian Canadians; Southeast Asian Canadians; Chinese Canadians; Japanese Canadians.)

The Tahltan (pronounced tall-tan) bear dog was one of five dog breeds recognized by the Canadian Kennel Club as uniquely Canadian (see also Dogs in Canada). Although the name of the breed suggests it was only kept by the Tahltan Nation of Northwestern British Columbia, the dog was common among other First Nations in the region, too. These included the Tlingit, Tagish, Kaska and Sekani. The Tahltan people referred to it as “our dog,” which gave the breed its name. Indigenous peoples used the Tahltan bear dog in sustenance hunting— primarily for bear— an activity in which it excelled. The breed went extinct in the in the 1970s or 80s.