Francophones | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    Dominique Gaspard

    Dominique François Gaspard, physician and community builder (born 22 December 1884 in New Orleans, Louisiana; died 6 February 1938 in Montreal, QC). Gaspard was a respected doctor and a trailblazer in Montreal’s Black district. After serving with distinction at a field hospital during the First World War, he devoted himself to medical practice in Montreal. He also worked to create social and intellectual outlets for Black men in the city. A bilingual Catholic, he was unique in the city’s early-20th-century anglophone Protestant Black community. His story speaks of a complexity of language, ethnicity and migration not often explored in narratives of Quebec’s English-speaking and Black communities.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/DominiqueGaspard/M_Dominique_Gaspard.jpeg Dominique Gaspard
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    Gabriel Dumont

    Gabriel Dumont, Métis leader (born December 1837 at Red River Settlement; died 19 May 1906 at Bellevue, SK). Dumont rose to political prominence in an age of declining buffalo herds. He fought for decades for the economic prosperity and political independence of his people. Dumont was a prominent hunt chief and warrior, but is best known for his role in the 1885 North-West Resistance as a key Métis military commander and ally of Louis Riel. Dumont remains a popular Métis folk hero, remembered for his selflessness and bravery during the conflict of 1885 and for his unrivaled skill as a Métis hunt chief.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/93488558-8f0b-4e99-9620-b5734d1bc42f.jpg Gabriel Dumont
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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/edouardmontpetit/edouardmontpetit.jpg Édouard Montpetit
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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/errolbouchette/errolbouchette.jpg Errol Bouchette
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    Ferdinand Larose

    Ferdinand Alphonse Fortunat Larose, agronomist (born 1 April 1888 in Sarsfield, Ontario; died 29 January 1955 in Montreal, Quebec). Throughout his career, Ferdinand Larose focused on agriculture in the United Counties of Prescott and Russel in Eastern Ontario. He is best known for having created the vast Larose Forest in a part of the counties which had become arid after intensive deforestation in the 19th century. The agronomist was also a leader for Franco-Ontarian cultivators. He chaired several cultivator associations and promoted agricultural training for Franco-Ontarians.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/FerdinandLarose/Ferdinand_Larose.png Ferdinand Larose
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    Fernand Dumont

    Fernand Dumont, sociologist, philosopher, theologian and poet (b at Montmorency, Que., June 24, 1927; d at Québec, May 1, 1997). Dumont is considered one of the most prominent intellectuals Quebec has ever produced.

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Fernand Dumont
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    Franco-Americans

    Between 1840 and 1930, nearly a million francophones from Canada emigrated to the United States. (See also Canada and United States.) Most emigrants came from Quebec. There were also Acadians from the Atlantic provinces. These emigrants lived throughout the Northern US, but most settled in New England. The largest cohort worked in the textile industry. The 1880s and 1890s were the crest of several waves of emigration that ended with the Great Depression. Also known as Franco-Americans, about two million French Canadian descendants live in New England today.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/service-pnp-nclc-01700-01784v.jpg Franco-Americans
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    Francophones of Ontario (Franco-Ontarians)

    Ontario has the largest French-speaking minority community in Canada, and the largest French-speaking community of any province outside of Quebec. Ontario’s French-speaking presence was first established during the French colonial regime in the early 17th century (see New France.) It grew steadily throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, mainly in the eastern and northeastern parts of the province in connection with the forestry, mining and railway industries. French has official language status in Ontario’s Legislative Assembly, in the courts, and in educational institutions (see French Languages Services Act (Ontario)).

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/3d8fcebb-f359-463a-b7c3-0f1926879d2d.png Francophones of Ontario (Franco-Ontarians)
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    François-Xavier Garneau

    He excelled in primary school, but lack of money apparently barred his way to a classical education. His self-education and natural reserve explain the "proud independence" which impressed his contemporaries.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/a75df73a-e1e0-4b27-ba7a-76631cfc6a0e.jpg François-Xavier Garneau
  • Article

    Francophones of British Columbia

    ​The francophone presence in British Columbia has its origins in the colonization of the Pacific Northwest by Europeans at the turn of the 19th century.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/bfb65c27-6395-4d1f-b12b-84c6f760fb29.png Francophones of British Columbia
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    Francophones of Manitoba

    Manitoba’s “francophonie” is the term used to designate French-speakers in Manitoba, historically referred to as “Franco-Manitobans.” Changes in 2017 to the name of the Société de la francophonie manitobaine (formerly the Société franco-manitobaine) and the definition of “francophone” in the provincial law on French language services reflect the changing nature of the community itself. The core of Manitoba’s francophones is formed by descendants of voyageurs as well as settlers from Québec and Europe, but since the early 2000s the community has seen a growing number of immigrants from non-European countries as well as an increasing integration of francophones for whom French is not their first language.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/bc92f05e-a646-436a-b90f-69d490ba42f5.png Francophones of Manitoba
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    Francophonie and Canada

    The term francophonie has been in common use since the 1960s. It has several meanings. In its most general sense, it refers to all peoples and communities anywhere in the world that have French as their mother tongue or customary language. The term can also refer to the wider, more complex network of government agencies and non-government organizations that work to establish, maintain and strengthen the special ties among French-speaking people throughout the world. Lastly, the expression “La Francophonie” is increasingly used as shorthand for the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (International Organisation of La Francophonie).

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/5a849720-0aa9-4516-a19a-0b599bde2bc2.png Francophonie and Canada
  • Article

    French Canada and the Monarchy

    French Canadian attitudes toward monarchical government and members of the French and, later, British royal families have changed over time. King Louis XIV of France made New France a crown colony and supported its expansion and economic development. King George III of Great Britain granted royal assent to the Quebec Act in 1774, which guaranteed freedom of worship and French Canadian property rights. Early royal tours of Quebec were well received by the public. There was republican sentiment expressed during the Lower Canada Rebellion of 1837, however, and support for the monarchy in Quebec declined sharply following the Quiet Revolution of the 1960s. Today, polling data indicates that a majority of people in Quebec support the abolition of the monarchy in Canada.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/FrenchCanadaMonarchy/QueenExpo67.jpg French Canada and the Monarchy
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    French Canadian Nationalism

    French Canadian nationalism concerns a wide variety of manifestations of the collective will of much of Canada's French-speaking population to live as a distinct cultural community. Its innumerable ramifications have been not only cultural but also political, economic and social.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/04c5cf2b-940f-4410-b1a6-fa7105c8b99e.jpg French Canadian Nationalism
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    French Immigration in Canada

    After New France was ceded to Great Britain in 1763, the migration of French colonists slowed considerably. A trickle of clergy members, farmers and professionals settled during the 19th century. However, after the Second World War, French immigration — which was then politically favoured — resumed with renewed vigour. This effort was geared towards recruiting francophone professionals and entrepreneurs, who settled in Canada’s big cities. The French spawned many cultural associations and had a large presence in French-Canadian schools.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/d698c031-e790-4c17-906a-5b880e71e24d.jpg French Immigration in Canada