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St. Thomas University, in Fredericton, NB, evolved from the Roman Catholic school system in the province and more directly from Saint Michael's Academy in Chatham.

Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University) in Toronto, Ontario, was founded on 16 September 1948 as the Ryerson Institute of Technology. It became a full-fledged university in 1993. After years of backlash over the name of its founder, Egerton Ryerson, who was involved in the creation of residential schools, the school changed its name to Toronto Metropolitan University in 2022.

Ontario's third largest university, Western University was founded in 1878 as the Western University of London, a denominational school of the Church of England.

Its auspicious beginnings were soon marred by governmental indifference and sectarian rivalry. Both the colonial establishment and the college's board of governors were unenthusiastic, favouring instead the precedence of King's College.

The development of post-secondary education in Prince Edward Island can be traced back to the early years of the colony. A particular champion was Lieutenant-Governor Edmund Fanning (1786-1805).

Laurentian University, in Greater Sudbury, Ont, was founded in 1960; instruction is in both French and English. Laurentian University dates from 1913 when the Roman Catholic Collège du Sacré-Coeur was established in Sudbury. In 1957 it became the University of Sudbury.

A public post-secondary educational institution, the university college was a hybrid institution in Canada. As its name implies, the university college incorporated many of the traditional values and culture of both the university and the community college.

Acadia University is located in Wolfville, NS. In 1828, the Baptist Education Society of Nova Scotia founded Horton Academy in Horton [Wolfville], NS. Ten years later in 1838, the Baptists established Queen's College, sharing the Horton facilities.

The University of Ottawa was founded in Bytown, Canada West, as the College of Bytown in 1848. Bishop Joseph Bruno Guigues, the first bishop of what would become Ottawa, Ontario, was the college’s patron. It was originally sited beside the Bishop’s seat, which remains the Notre Dame Cathedral on Sussex Drive. As the college grew, it moved to the university’s current location in Sandy Hill and off of Main Street. The Main Street campus, which is 2.5 km south of the main campus, now houses the University of Saint Paul.

The University of Saskatchewan was founded in 1907. In 1879 the Church of England (see Anglicanism) established Emmanuel College in Prince Albert to train in theology, classics and Indigenous languages. In 1883 it became known as the University of Saskatchewan.

The École Nationale de l'Humour (Québec comedy school) was founded by Gilbert Rozon in 1988.

Fee-supported educational institutions at the primary and secondary level not under direct government control have existed in Canada from the earliest years of white settlement to the present day. Until the 1830s, most schooling was private.

In the late 1950s, there was growing public support for the establishment of a university in the Niagara region, so that young people could obtain a good education locally.

RMC opened 1 June 1876 at Kingston, Ontario. It stands on the site of significant historic events. Kingston had been established as a refugee settlement for United Empire Loyalists in 1783-84.

In Quebec, a Collège d’enseignement general et professionnel (General and professional teaching college in English) is a public school that provides students with the first level of post-secondary education. These institutions are most often referred to by the French acronym CEGEP. Quebec's first CEGEPs opened their doors in 1967, a few months after the adoption of the General and Vocational Colleges Act or Loi des collèges d'enseignement général et professionnel. In 2020, there were 48 CEGEPs in Quebec (see also Education in Canada, Community College, Universities in Canada and University College).

The Banff Centre for Continuing Education began in 1933 as a special summer program sponsored by the University of Alberta's Division of Continuing Education.

Algoma University College, Sault Ste Marie, Ont, was established in 1967 as an affiliate of Laurentian University. The campus is constructed around a fine old building that originally housed the Shingwauk Indian Residential School.