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The War of the Austrian Succession (1740–48) included conflict in Europe, North America and India. The military operations in North America are known as King George's War (1744–48).

The CIM-10B Bomarc was the world’s first long-range, nuclear capable, ground-to-air anti-aircraft missile. Two squadrons of the missile were purchased and deployed by the Canadian government in 1958. This was part of Canada’s role during the Cold War to defend North America against an attack from the Soviet Union. Prime Minister John Diefenbaker’s refusal to equip the missiles with nuclear warheads led to a souring of Canada’s relationship with the United States, especially once the Cuban Missile Crisis brought the issue to the fore. The issue split Diefenbaker’s Cabinet and contributed to his party losing the 1963 election.

On 26 March 1885, the North-West Resistance began west of the settlement of Duck Lake on the old Carlton Trail, north of modern Rosthern, Sask.

The Battle of Cut Knife is a significant battle that took place during the North-West Resistance of 1885. The Cut Knife battlefield is located on the Poundmaker Reserve, about 40 km west of Battleford, Saskatchewan, just north of Cut Knife Hill, a feature named for a Sarcee warrior who died near there. A cairn sits near the middle of the battlefield, near the grave of Pitikwahanapiwiyin (Poundmaker).

Airplanes became an important part of modern warfare during the First World War (1914–18). Aircraft technology developed rapidly and by war’s end, airplanes were involved in reconnaissance, artillery spotting, air-to-air combat, strafing ground targets, anti-submarine warfare, tactical and strategic bombing and home defence. More than 20,000 Canadians served in British flying services (Royal Flying Corps, Royal Naval Air Service and Royal Air Force) during the war. Approximately 1,400 were killed or died from wounds or accidents. Canada did not have an air force during the First World War; a single-plane Canadian Aviation Corps was established in 1914, but never saw service and soon disbanded. Later, on 5 August 1918, two Canadian Air Force squadrons were formed in Britain, but were disbanded the next year when the British cut off funding. The Royal Canadian Naval Air Service was formed in September 1918 but lasted only three months before the war ended. Canada would not have a permanent air force until 1924 (see Royal Canadian Air Force).

Billy Bishop Goes to War is a musical written by John MacLachlan Gray with Eric Peterson about the exploits of First World War flying ace William Avery "Billy" Bishop. Since its premiere in 1978, the musical has been staged across Canada and in the United States and Europe. It remains one of the most popular Canadian musicals.

Canadian Forces Base (CFB) Valcartier is one of the oldest military training areas in Canada. Located a few kilometres north of Quebec City, it was founded as Camp Valcartier just before the First World War. During the war, it was the primary training base for the First Canadian Contingent before it departed for overseas service. Today it is one of the Canadian Army’s major bases and is known as 2nd Canadian Division Support Base Valcartier.

In December 1943, as part of the Allied advance through Italy during the Second World War, Canadian forces fought one of their toughest battles of the war in a bid to capture the town of Ortona. The month-long campaign — first at the Moro River outside Ortona, then with vicious street fighting in the town itself — cost more than 2,300 Canadian casualties, but eventually won Ortona for the Allies.

The Regimental Band of the Royal Hamilton Light Infantry (RHLI) is the oldest enlisted band in Canada. Formed in 1866 by Peter Grossman, it has been led by Captain Ryan W. Baker since 2016.

Peacekeeping is the term usually applied to United Nations (UN) operations in countries affected by conflict. Peacekeepers work to maintain peace and security, protect human rights and help restore the rule of law. Peacekeepers can be members of the armed forces, police officers or civilian experts. As a result of Lester Pearson's leadership in the 1956 Suez Crisis and Canada's role in the UN Emergency Force he helped create, many Canadians consider peacekeeping part of the country's identity. However, since the 1990s Canada's reputation as a peacekeeping nation has been affected by scandal and by the failure of some overseas missions. Although Canada’s contribution to peace operations has declined since then, Canadian peacekeepers continue to serve overseas in such places as Mali. In total, more than 125,000 Canadians have served in UN peace operations. Canadians have also participated in UN-sanctioned peace operations led by NATO and in missions sponsored by the Multinational Force and Observers (MFO). Approximately 130 Canadians have died in peace operations.

In 1939, Canada, Great Britain, New Zealand and Australia signed an agreement creating the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (BCATP). Located in Canada, the plan's mandate was to train Allied aircrews for the Second World War, including pilots, navigators, bomb aimers, wireless operators, air gunners, and flight engineers. More than 130,000 crewmen and women were trained between 1939 and 1945, making this one of Canada's great contributions to Allied victory in the war. It led United States President Franklin Roosevelt to call Canada the "aerodrome of democracy."

32 Canadian Brigade Group (32 CBG) is a formation of the Canadian Army Reserve. There are 13 units in the group, including armoured, artillery, engineer, signals, infantry and logistics units. The units are located in Ontario. Brigade Group headquarters is located in Toronto, Ontario. In total, 32 CBG includes more than 3,000 members.

37 Canadian Brigade Group (37 CBG) is a formation of the Canadian Army Reserve. There are 9 units in the group, including armoured, artillery, engineer, signals, infantry and logistics units. The units are located in New Brunswick and Newfoundland. Brigade Group headquarters is located in Moncton, New Brunswick. In total, 37 CBG includes approximately 1,400 members.

34 Canadian Brigade Group (34 CBG) is a formation of the Canadian Army Reserve. There are 15 units in the group, including armoured, artillery, engineer, signals, infantry and logistics units. Nine units are based on the island of Montreal. Brigade Group headquarters is located in Saint-Hubert, Quebec. In total, 34 CBG includes about 2,500 members of the Army Reserve.

31 Canadian Brigade Group (31 CBG) is a formation of the Canadian Army Reserve. There are 12 units in the group, including armoured, artillery, engineer, signals, infantry and logistics units. The units are located in Ontario. Brigade Group headquarters is located in London, Ontario. In total, 31 CBG includes nearly 2,500 members.

38 Canadian Brigade Group (38 CBG) is a formation of the Canadian Army Reserve. There are 13 units in the group, including armoured, artillery, engineer, signals, infantry and logistics units. The units are located in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and north-western Ontario. Brigade Group headquarters is located in Winnipeg, Manitoba. In total, 38 CBG includes more than 1,200 reservists.

41 Canadian Brigade Group (41 CBG) is a formation of the Canadian Army Reserve. There are 9 units in the group, including armoured, artillery, engineer, signals, infantry and logistics units. The units are located in Alberta and the Northwest Territories. Brigade Group headquarters is located in Calgary, Alberta. In total, 41 CBG includes about 1,700 reservists.

33 Canadian Brigade Group (33 CBG) is a formation of the Canadian Army Reserve. There are 15 units in the group, including armoured, artillery, engineer, signals, infantry and logistics units. The units are located in Ontario. Brigade Group headquarters is located in Ottawa, Ontario.

36 Canadian Brigade Group (36 CBG) is a formation of the Canadian Army Reserve. There are 11 units in the group, including armoured, artillery, engineer, signals, infantry and logistics units. The units are located in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. Brigade Group headquarters is located in Halifax, Nova Scotia. In total, 36 CBG includes approximately 1,600 members.

35 Canadian Brigade Group (35 CBG) is a formation of the Canadian Army Reserve. There are 12 units in the group, including armoured, artillery, engineer, signals, infantry and logistics units. The units are based in Eastern Quebec. Brigade Group headquarters is located in Quebec City, Quebec. In total, 35 CBG includes about 2,200 reservists and 60 members of the Regular Force.