Laws & Programs | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Macleans

    Car Fuel Efficiency Toughened

    It has been a long time since a Canadian government tried to force the auto industry to improve fuel efficiency. The energy crisis scares of the 1970s were still fresh memories when Pierre Trudeau's Liberals passed the Motor Vehicle Fuel Consumption Standards Act in 1982.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on August 12, 2002

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  • Article

    Carbon Pricing in Canada

    Carbon pricing refers to a cost that is imposed on the combustion of fossil fuels used by industry and consumers. Pricing can be set either directly through a carbon tax or indirectly through a cap-and-trade market system. A price on carbon is intended to capture the public costs of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and shift the burden for damage back to the original emitters, compelling them to reduce emissions. In 2016, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced a national climate change policy that includes a system of carbon pricing across Canada. Provinces can either create their own systems to meet federal requirements or have a federal carbon tax imposed on them. Nine provinces and territories have their own carbon pricing plans that meet federal requirements. Ottawa has imposed its own carbon tax in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Ontario.

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  • Article

    Career Counselling

    One of the major responsibilities of schools is to prepare students for employment and one of the ways they achieve this is through career counselling.

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  • Article

    Career counselling

    Career counselling. Musically talented children wishing to study music seriously usually receive counselling from their music teachers, both private and school.

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  • Article

    Child Labour

    Child labour is defined as the regular employment of boys and girls under the age of 15 or 16. Attitudes toward child labour have altered dramatically since the late 18th century, when it was generally assumed that children should contribute to the family economy from about age seven. By the beginning of the 20th century most Canadian provinces had enacted labour legislation to restrict the employment of children.

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  • Macleans

    Cigarette Packaging

    This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on January 31, 2000. Partner content is not updated. Perhaps, but if Rock gets his way cigarette packaging is about to go from colourful and cool to downright disturbing.

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  • Article

    Cod Moratorium of 1992

    On 2 July 1992, the federal government banned cod fishing along Canada’s east coast. This moratorium ended nearly five centuries of cod fishing in Newfoundland and Labrador. Cod had played a central role in the province’s economy and culture. The aim of the policy was to help restore cod stocks that had been depleted due to overfishing. Today, the cod population remains too low to support a full-scale fishery. For this reason, the ban is still largely in place. Click here for definitions of key terms used in this article.

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  • Article

    Collective Bargaining

    Collective bargaining is a method of jointly determining working conditions between one or more employers on one side and organized employees on the other.

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  • Article

    Commercial Law

    Commercial law is that branch of private law concerned primarily with the supply of goods or services by merchants and other businesses for profit. Textbooks on commercial law frequently differ on the range of topics treated in them.

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  • Article

    Consumer and Corporate Affairs

    The Department of Consumer and Corporate Affairs was established in 1967 to bring together under one minister the administering of federal policies regulating the marketplace.

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  • Article

    Consumer Law

    The branch of law concerned with the supply of goods and services in the most comprehensive sense for the personal use or consumption of individuals and their families is called consumer law.

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  • Article

    Consumer Standards

    Consumer standards are documents describing acceptable characteristics or usage for products, materials and services used by individual consumers. They may specify dimensional, performance or safety requirements for household products.

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  • Article

    Copyright

    Copyright ProperCopyright. The legal protection given to creators of literary, musical, and artistic works.

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  • Article

    Corn Laws

    Corn laws, 1794-1846, set duties on grain imports into Britain to protect British agriculture from outside competition. (In Britain, "corn" is the name for CEREAL CROPS.

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  • Article

    Credit Bureau

    Credit Bureaus provide a credit profile of consumers based on their repayment record of outstanding debts. A credit bureau monitors, with constantly updated information provided by credit card and other lenders, not only whether consumers repay loans but whether they do so regularly and on time.

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