Nature & Geography | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    Blue-green Algae

    Blue-green Algae, now known as Cyanobacteria, are named for the blue-green pigment phycocyanin which along with chlorophyll a gives them a blue-green appearance. This led to Cyanobacteria being called blue-green algae before the kingdom Monera was recognized.

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  • Article

    Blue-Grey Gnatcatcher

    The Blue-grey gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea, family Muscicapidae, subfamily Sylviinae) is a tiny, migratory, insectivorous songbird.

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  • Article

    Blue Mountains

    The Blue Mountains (Montagnes Bleues) is a 240 km long group of high hills along the Canada and United States border in the Eastern Townships.

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    Blue Whale

    The blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) is the largest animal known to have ever lived on Earth. It is a difficult whale to study because of its low numbers and its preference for deep, offshore waters. Within Balaenoptera musculus, authorities recognize between three and five subspecies. Blue whales live in oceans throughout the world, including off the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Canada. Although blue whale sightings are rare, experts believe that about 250 mature individuals live off each coast. 

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  • Article

    Bluebell

    Bluebell, common name for several plants with bell-shaped flowers of Campanulaceae and Boraginaceae families. 

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  • Article

    Blueberry

    Blueberries are a group of shrubs in the genus Vaccinium that bear edible blue, black or purple berries. The berries can be consumed fresh, frozen or dried. Their taste and health benefits contribute to their importance as an agricultural crop. Different blueberry species and cultivars are grown across Canada. Vaccinium is a cosmopolitan genus (i.e., with species found across the world) and is only absent from Australia and Antarctica. There are approximately 480 species, but only a limited number are thought of as blueberries. They are closely related to a few other edible Vaccinium species, including cranberries, lingonberries, huckleberries and grouseberries. Black- and blue-fruited huckleberries and bilberries are also often considered blueberries and are included here. Like other plants in the heath family (Ericaceae), blueberries naturally grow in acidic, often boggy soils, where other kinds of plants often struggle to extract sufficient nutrition. Across North America, Europe and Asia, there are at least 30 Vaccinium species that could be classified as blueberries. In Canada, that number is around a dozen. Most North American blueberries are deciduous shrubs, though there are a few evergreens. The deciduous leaves of blueberries are renowned for their brilliant orange to scarlet autumn colour.

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  • Article

    Bluebird

    Bluebird is a common name for 3 species of thrushes occurring in North and Central America.

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  • Article

    Bobcat

    The bobcat (Felis rufus, family Felidae) is a medium-sized, carnivorous mammal, also known as wildcat or bay lynx.

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  • Article

    Bonnet Plume River

    The Bonnet Plume River begins its journey in the Mackenzie Mountains on the Yukon and NWT border.

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  • Article

    Borden Island

    Borden Island, 2794 km2, is one of the Queen Elizabeth group of islands in the High Arctic. Most of the island is part of the Northwest Territories; the easternmost part of the island is part of Nunavut.

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  • Article

    Boreal Zone

    The boreal zone is Canada’s largest vegetation zone, making up 55 per cent of the country’s land mass. It extends from Yukon and northern British Columbia in the west to Newfoundland and Labrador in the east. While much of the region is covered by forest, it also includes lakes, rivers, wetlands and naturally treeless areas. The boreal zone is home to diverse wildlife, and is crucial to maintaining biological diversity, storing carbon, purifying air and water, and regulating the climate. With more than 2.5 million Canadians living in the boreal zone, the forest also provides these rural communities with jobs and economic stability.

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    Botanical Garden

    Exactly what constitutes a botanical garden is debated among professionals. A very conservative view is a scientific garden of this kind must be associated with a university in order to fulfill its objectives as an educational and research facility.

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    Botany

    The study of plant life is organized in 3 ways, which are also applicable to zoological material.

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    Botany History

    Long before formal study of plants began in Canadian academic institutions, they were studied by explorers and talented amateurs.

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  • Article

    Boundaries

    The political boundaries that are of concern to Canada today are the international boundaries primarily with the US and Greenland and, because they are of more than local importance, the boundaries of the provinces and territories. The evolution of both types involved 2 distinct stages. After political decisions were made on the allocation of territory, such territories were delimited and the boundaries described in state documents. Then, usually some time later, the boundaries were surveyed and marked on the ground (the process of demarcation).

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